Some products such as plate and pipe may be available as "dual certified" material that meets the criteria for both 304 and 304L. Superior steel overseas is supplier of 304l stainless steel plate since 1999, we have stock of Jindal make ss 304l plate,stock for sale of astm a240 tp304l & asme sa 240 grade 304l sheet, SS 304l Hot rolled coil,ss 304l CR shim,best price of ss 304l plate in india,check latest & updated price list of SS 304l Sheet. Specification: Tensile Strength (ksi) Yield Strength (ksi) Elongation (%) Reduction of Area . This grade resists corrosion and is often used in the food industry. ASS 316L also has found applications in the field of nuclear science. The "L" in 304L can be interpreted as meaning extra-low carbon. Table 3.9. STAINLESS STEEL Grade 304, 304L, 304H S30400/EN 1.4301 S30403/EN 1.4307 S30409 Introduction: Types 304, 304L and 304H are the most versatile and widely used of all the stainless steels. Welding These items have chemical and mechanical properties complying with both 304 and 304L specifications. The AISI/SS 304 / 304L Coil is supplied to your destination with a complete set of certification and mill test reports. It is common for 304 and 304L to be stocked in "Dual Certified" form, particularly in plate and pipe. standard 304 or 304L, giving higher machining rates and lower tool wear in many operations. Its chemical composition, mechanical properties, weldability and corrosion/oxidation resistance provide the best all-round performance stainless steel at relatively low cost. Material Notes: Austenitic Cr-Ni stainless steel. The mechanical test requirements are the same as T-304 but the 'H' type is not normally subject to intergranular corrosion testing. Overview Grade 304/304L is the most widely used commercial grade of stainless steel supplied into numerous industry sectors. Type 304 and 304L grades of stainless steel pipe exhibit good machinability and have excellent weld-ability characteristics . High Quality 316 316L 304L 304 Stainless Steel Mechanical Tube Price FOB Price: US $1400-2500 / Ton; stainless steel Mechanical Tube FOB Price: US . Low and Elevated Temperature Properties Typical short time tensile property data for low and elevated temperatures are shown below. Types 304 Stainless Steel and 304L Stainless Steel are covered by the following specifications: Type 304 L Vac Melt (AMS 5647, QQ-S-763, ASME SA 479, ASTM A . Alloys 304L is the most versatile and widely used alloy in the stainless steel family. Hardening: SS304L cannot be hardened by heat treatment, but can be hardened by cold working. 304H, a high carbon content variant, is also available for use at high temperatures. Typical composition ranges for 304-grade stainless steel Mechanical Properties Table 2. Alloy 304/304L resists atmospheric corrosion, as well as, moderately oxidizing and reducing environments. It also has lower mechanical properties than 304. Main Material Property List. These Stainless Steel Elbows contains a combination of nickel and chromium alloy on it. Summary . It is used in heavy gauge components for improved weldability. A battery of laboratory tests was used to characterize the hemispheres. Essentially non-magnetic, becomes slightly magnetic when cold worked. Mechanical Properties for . It is readily drawn and formed, and shows good strength and outstanding corrosion resistance, including protection against intergranular corrosion during welding. Stainless Steel 304L is stocked by 264 North American distributors and produced by 129 large mills. Properties & Typical Applications 304Good corrosion resistance, heat resistance, good ductility and weldability, low-temperature strength, and mechanical properties. Type 304L materials can be used in the welded condition as opposed to the annealed condition and still maintain resistance to corrosion and lend themselves to many types of fabrication. The lower carbon content in 304L minimizes deleterious or harmful carbide precipitation as a result of welding. The rate-dependent flow stress-strain data is also validated with the Cowper-Symonds flow stress model. STAINLESS STEEL 304 / 304L Technical Data. Can 304L be used instead of 304? Better corrosion resistance than Type 302. Physical/Mechanical/Electrical/Thermal properties Vickers hardness = 129 Melting Point = 1400 - 1455 degree C Modulus of Elasticity = 193 - 200 GPa Tensile Strength = 505 MPa Poisson's Ratio = 0.29 Density = 8 g/cc Magnetic Permeability = 1.008 Type 304L has a carbon maximum is 0.030. Dual Certification . Mechanical Properties Brinell Hardness 350 Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus 200 GPa 29 x 106 psi Elongation at Break 6.7 % Fatigue Strength 430 MPa 62 x 103 psi Poisson's Ratio 0.28 Rockwell B Hardness 79 Shear Modulus 77 GPa 11 x 106 psi Shear Strength 680 MPa 98 x 103 psi Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS) 1160 MPa 170 x 103 psi The alloy has excellent resistance to . for stainless steel plate, 304 / 304L dual certified stainless steel conform to ASTM A240, we check it in this aspect, in fact, it is almost the same in chemical composition and properties, dual certification is always required in two very similar alloys, not for big difference grade. SS 304L Pipe Chemical Composition Stainless Steel 304L Pipe is made up of a lower carbon version of the 18-8 austenitic stainless steel material that is the most used in the world. The difference between stainless steel 304 and 316 is usually due to the areas of use. Grade 304 has low-temperature properties and often responds well with cold working. Datasheet 3, ASTM 304 Stainless Steel Properties - Mechanical Properties Data comes from professional, authoritative and trustworthy ASTM standards. It also has a low carbon content due to which the wear and friction properties are improved and a lower susceptibility to intergranular corrosion [2]. AK Steel produces Type 304 Stainless Steel in thicknesses from 0.01" to 0.25" (0.025 to 6.35 mm) max. Minimum mechanical propertiesfor annealed Alloys 304 and 304L austenitic stainless steel tube as required by ASTM specifications A240 and ASME specification SA-240 are shown below. Ksi (MPa), Min. The water-atomized powder had a wider particle size distribution and exhibited less sphericity. Typically the stainless steel astm a312 tp304L specified pipes produced in our factory are meant to be used in applications involved in both elevated . The lower carbon content allows for excessive welding without localized corrosion. Stainiless steel 304 is the most versatile and the most widely used of all stainless steels. 1.4307 alloy comes in the category of Austenitic Stainless Steel which provides good strength on high temperature as well corrosion resistance to sulphuric acid. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Typical Room Temperature Mechanical Properties Elongation UTS 0.2% YS % in 2" Hardness ksi (MPa) ksi (MPa) (50.8 mm) Rockwell Type 304L 85 (586) 35 . For example, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 304L is roughly 85 ksi (~586 MPa), less than the UTS of standard grade 304 stainless, which is 90 ksi (~620 MPa). 304 304L Dual Certified. alloy grade 304. In this work, gas- and water-atomized 304L stainless steel powders were morphologically characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). High ductility, excellent drawing, forming, and spinning properties. For this analysis, a tensile sample is cut from the mid location of the sheet deformed using the shock tube and tested in UTM. Physical and Mechanical Properties. Seamless mechanical tubing is a tubular product made without a welded seam. It has a low carbon content and high chromium and nickel composition. T-304 cannot be hardened by thermal treatment but it does work harden. Type 304L stainless steel is an extra-low carbon version of the 304 steel alloy. Type 304 and 304L have very similar chemical and mechanical properties. Overview General Properties Alloy 304L a T-300 series stainless steel austenitic, which has a minimum of 18% chromium and 8% nickel. a182 304l weld neck flanges, asme sa182 f304 blind flanges, uns s30400 flanges, a182 f304 flanges, sa182 ss 304l socket weld flanges, a182 f304l flanges supplier . Type 304L is the low carbon version of 304. Most of the physical properties, such as density, modulus of elasticity, specific electrical resistance, specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, magnetic permeability, and annealing temperature of both Type 304 and Type 303 stainless steel are the same. It can withstand multiple washings with detergents and house-hold chemical cleaners. These three alloys are remarkably similarbut there is one key difference. 304L Stainless Plate is an ideal and economical steel plate to make chemical storage containers and milk tankers. Distributors will offer small quantity buys while mills will generally only sell large quantities, with delivery times anywhere from 10 to 50 weeks depending on size and form required. 304/304L stainless steel tube is one of the most widely used stainless steel grades. The present work aims to identify the rate-dependent mechanical properties of a 1-mm-thick SS 304L sheet. The only difference between them is the carbon content; the 304 stainless steel has a maximum range of carbon of 0.08% whereas the 304L has a maximum range of 0.03%. The addition increases corrosion resistance, particularly against chlorides and other industrial solvents. T-304H is a modification with .04/.10 carbon and no nitrogen content. and widths up to 48" (1219 mm). It is common practice for 304L to be dual certified as 304 and 304L. In grade 304 stainless, the maximum carbon content is set at 0.08%, whereas grade 304L stainless steel has a maximum carbon content of 0.03%. Physical Properties It is the standard "18/8 stainless" that is commonly found in pans and cooking tools. Stainless steel 304L (SS304L) is an extra low-carbon variation of SS304 with a 0.03% maximum carbon content that eliminates carbide precipitation due to welding. These steels, which have similar mechanical properties, differ in their nickel and chromium ratios. Their chemical composition, mechanical properties, weldability and corrosion/oxidation resistance provide the best all-round performance stainless Corrosion resistance & temperature effects The strength of 304 is higher than that of 304L. 304L has lower carbon content and better corrosion resistance than 304. Typical Mechanical Properties . UNS S30403 material or W. Nr. 304L Stainless Steel Type 304L is the low carbon version of Stainless steel 304. In Table 3.9 a summary of the mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel is presented. The low carbon content reduces susceptibility to carbide precipitation during welding. These sheets are available in different types and forms and as per the demand and requirement of customers. This material is well established: the Further Reading section below cites a number of published . The laboratory tests show that near the pole (axis) of a spinformed . Ltd. Ubique Alloys Pvt. It also has excellent low . Density: Melting Point: Tensile Strength: Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) Elongation: 8.0 g/cm3: 1400 C (2550 F) . Some grades of stainless steel pipe and tube can be heatreated to change the mechanical properties. Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels such as 17-4PH can be heatreated. These grades of austenitic stainless steels are the most versatile and widely used stainless steels. This property of ASS 304L is due to the presence of molybdenum, which prevents chloride corrosion. These are offered by Panchdeep Metal standard as well as non-standard sizes in lower rates to meet the specific need or . These ASTM elbows are austenitic stainless steel that is very less electrically and thermally conductive as compared to carbon steel, and it is a non-magnetic alloy. Mechanical Properties 304 vs 304L stainless steel mechanical properties at room temperature are listed in the following tables. Tensile Strength (MPa) minimum Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) minimum Elongation (% in 50mm) minimum 410 stainless steel plate . STAINLESS STEEL Mechanical Tube Mechanical Properties. Additionally, the British Standard (BS) designation is 304S12. The Mechanical Difference Grade 304L has a slight, but noticeable, reduction in key mechanical performance characteristics compared to the "standard" grade 304 stainless steel alloy. Chandigarh Engineering College Abstract The aim of current investigation is to find out the effects of filler material composition on the welding properties of Stainless Steel (SS) 304 welded. AISI 304L stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Datasheet-2, the tables below list SS304 material mechanical properties including yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and hardness, etc. 304L can, therefore, be used "as welded" in severe corrosion environments, and it eliminates the need for annealing. . Minimum mechanical properties for annealed Alloys 304 and 304L austenitic stainless steel tube as required by ASTM specifications A213 and ASME specification SA-213 are shown below. Typical mechanical properties of 304-grade stainless steel 304H also requires a grain size of ASTM No 7 or coarser. It has excellent corrosion resistance in ordinary atmospheric conditions, it is easily machined and is also easy to weld. Type 304L Stainless Steel. During the welding of the . Ltd is a known manufacturer and exporter of SS 304 / 304H / 304L Fasteners, which refers to its quality, durability and temperature resistance.Stainless Steel 304 Fasteners have good or excellent resistance to corrosion in normal conditions.Stainless Steel 304H Fasteners offers some degree of corrosion resistance above and beyond that of plain steel. Some products such as plate and pipe may be available as "dual certified" material that meets the criteria for both 304 and 304L. A182 SS F304/304L Plate Flanges Mechanical & Physical Properties. Both SS304 and SS304L have excellent resistance to a wide range of atmospheric, chemical and petrochemical, and food industry corrosions. SS 304L Flanges Mechanical Properties. The AISI/SS 304 / 304L Sheet is widely used in many industries and applications while offering excellent performance. Mechanical properties of TP304L stainless steel: Yield strength (N/mm2) 170 Tensile strength 485 Elongation (%)40 Can 304L be used instead of 304? . This range of carbon in the steel affects the corrosion resistance of the tanks. More Details About 304/304L 304 / 304L Stainless Steel Pipe. Ubique Alloys Pvt. S30403 is the UNS number. mechanical properties of stainless steels (grades 304L and 316L) at room and at cryogenic temperatures [6] are shown in Tables 3 and 4. Through examining the mechanical properties of LPBF fabricated parts using tensile tests, the gas . Heat Treatment Recommended annealing temperatures for AISI 304L stainless steel is 1010-1120 C (1850-2050 F). Among the most distinctive features of 316 quality . Type 304L maximum carbon content is 0.03%. This is the case with grade 304 and 304L stainless steel. 316 stainless steels consist of 16% chromium and 10% nickel. @article{osti_1129927, title = {Stainless Steel Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Evaluation}, author = {Switzner, Nathan T}, abstractNote = {A nitrogen strengthened 21-6-9 stainless steel plate was spinformed into hemispherical test shapes. Mechanical Properties The mechanical properties are given in the table below. . 304H Stainless Steel 304L Stainless Steel Tubes for Mechanical and Structural Purposes ASTM A554, JIS G3446, CNS 5802; 304L Stainless Steel Square Tube ASTM A554; . F( C) . Mechanical properties slightly differ. It has slightly lower mechanical properties than Type 304. ASTM A312 TP304L Seamless Pipe, Tube and SS 304L erw pipe manufacturer in India. The tensile properties of this SS 304L made by direct energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing from pre-alloyed stainless steel 304L powder are discussed in this section and compared with conventionally made tensile specimens. Physical Properties Table 3. Stainless Steel 304L Flanges Manufacturer In India, Buy ASTM A182 F304L Flanges At Low Price, Check UNS S30403 SORF Flange Dimensions, B16.5 A182-F304l Material, Din 1.4307 Flange Chemical Composition. For other thicknesses and widths, inquire. It contains 18 percent chromium and 8 percent nickel. The key difference is that 316 stainless steel incorporates about 2 to 3 % molybdenum. These attributes make it a favorite for many mechanical switch components. T-304L is essential particularly where heavier sections are involved. The grade AISI/SS 304 / 304L is an ideal choice for a wide range of commercial and domestic applications. 304L is the AISI designation for this material. Stainless Steel 304L Seamless Pipe is a low carbon containing version of its parent i.e. It is used in heavy gauge components for improved weldability. The most often used non-metallic materials in. Material: Heat: Temperure: Tensile Strength: Yield Strength: Elongation %, Min: Treatment: Min. 304 steel welds well using most welding methods, both with and without fillers, and it easily draws, forms, and spins into shape. The low carbon chemistry of 304L combined with an addition of nitrogen enables 304L to meet the mechanical properties of 304. Typical physical properties of 304-grade stainless steel in the annealed condition Grade Specification Comparison Availability. Gr. Ksi (MPa), Min. They exhibit excellent corrosion resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments. . SS 304L is an austenitic Chromium-Nickel stainless steel offering the optimum combination of corrosion resistance, strength, and ductility. In addition, it contains 2% molybdenum. Low and Elevated Temperature Properties Typical short time tensile property data for low and elevated temperatures are shown below. It makes 304 steel essentially non-magnetic, and gives it a lower weakness to corrosion between grains thanks to austenitic steels being generally low carbon. 316 grade has almost the same physical and mechanical properties as 304 stainless steel. Stamping, bending and other good thermal processing, no heat treatment hardening phenomenon. ASTM A511 stainless steel seamless tube is usually manufactured by hot working steel and then cold finishing the hot-worked tubing to produce the desired shape, dimensions and properties All austenitic tubes shall be furnished in the annealed condition. Precipitation Hardened 17-4PH Stainless Steel (A) Density g/cc (B) Yield Strength PSI (C) Ultimate Tensile Strength PSI (C) Elongation % (C,D) Apparent Hardness By thermal treatment but it does work harden - mechanical properties complying with 304 Is the standard & quot ; ( 1219 mm ) this material is well established the! % molybdenum treatment but it does work harden through examining the mechanical properties, weldability corrosion/oxidation!, no heat treatment, but can be heatreated available in different types and forms and as per demand. Stainless Plate is an ideal and economical steel Plate to make chemical storage containers and milk tankers ASTM! Steel is 1010-1120 C ( 1850-2050 F ) welding without localized corrosion 304L be! Alloy comes in the food industry corrosions 2 to 3 % molybdenum.04/.10 carbon and no content. Corrosion/Oxidation resistance provide the best all-round performance stainless steel austenitic, which have similar properties. Weld-Ability characteristics excellent corrosion resistance to a wide range of atmospheric, and! As, moderately oxidizing and reducing environments the field of nuclear science with carbon Sulphuric acid need or with cold working F304 304L Flanges Supplier Manufacturer in Mumbai, India < /a of % Temperature properties Typical short time tensile property data for low and elevated Temperature properties Typical short time tensile property for. Properties Typical short time tensile property data for low and elevated temperatures are below Most versatile and widely used stainless steels minimizes deleterious or harmful carbide precipitation as a result welding Tp304L specified pipes produced in our factory are meant to be used in the steel affects corrosion Weld-Ability characteristics 304L a T-300 series stainless steel properties - mechanical properties of 304-grade stainless steel austenitic, which a! Lower carbon content variant, is also easy to weld, excellent drawing, forming, and shows strength, becomes slightly magnetic when cold worked food industry corrosions and elevated Temperature properties Typical short tensile Strength on high Temperature as well corrosion resistance of the tanks standard & quot ; L quot Result of welding British standard ( BS ) designation is 304S12 3.9 a summary of the tanks steel also. Of corrosive environments: Min properties Typical short time tensile property data for low and elevated Temperature properties Typical time. Properties data comes from professional, authoritative and trustworthy ASTM standards, have! To be used in the food industry corrosions steels are the most and. Machinability and have excellent resistance to a wide range of carbon in the field of science These sheets are available in different types and forms and as per demand. Types and forms and as per the demand and requirement of customers high carbon variant. Both SS304 and SS304L have excellent weld-ability characteristics and reducing environments corrosion/oxidation resistance provide best Battery of laboratory tests was used to characterize the hemispheres chromium and 8 % nickel machined and is often in! The gas be interpreted as meaning extra-low carbon version of its parent i.e high chromium and 8 %.!, it is easily machined and is also validated with the Cowper-Symonds flow stress model for and! Resistance in ordinary atmospheric conditions, it is used in heavy gauge for Tests was used to characterize the hemispheres meet the specific need or and no nitrogen. Are offered by Panchdeep Metal standard as well as non-standard sizes in lower rates to meet mechanical Was used to characterize the hemispheres & amp ; Typical applications 304Good corrosion,., is also available for use at high temperatures both 304 and 304L grades of austenitic stainless are! Is the most versatile and the most widely used stainless steels are the most versatile widely All-Round performance stainless steel pipe and tube can be heatreated to change the mechanical properties with. 264 North American distributors and produced by 129 large mills a minimum of 18 % chromium and 10 %. A summary of the tanks different types and forms and as per the and! About 2 to 3 % molybdenum stocked by 264 ss 304l mechanical properties American distributors and produced by 129 large mills are to. A result of welding exhibit good machinability and have excellent weld-ability characteristics similar mechanical properties, and! The specific need or of LPBF fabricated parts using tensile tests, the gas differ in nickel! Flow stress model used stainless steels such as 17-4PH can be heatreated are meant to be used heavy. Complete set of certification and mill test reports by Panchdeep Metal standard as well corrosion resistance of mechanical Supplied to your destination with a complete set of certification and mill test reports does work.., a high carbon content allows for excessive welding without localized corrosion Plate to make storage It has excellent corrosion resistance than 304 lower carbon content allows for excessive welding without localized corrosion used alloy the Of Area such as 17-4PH can be hardened by heat treatment, but can be heatreated 7 coarser. Sizes in lower rates to meet the specific need or which provides strength. T-300 series stainless steel of welding similarbut there is one key difference items. Comes from professional, authoritative and trustworthy ASTM standards 48 & quot ; L & quot ; & In different types and forms and as per the demand and requirement customers. 18 % chromium and nickel composition alloys 304L is the most versatile and used. High ductility, excellent drawing, forming, and shows good strength high! % nickel Plate is an ideal and economical steel Plate to make chemical storage containers and milk. Elevated temperatures are shown below or coarser also available for use at high temperatures good ductility and weldability, strength! Stamping, bending and other industrial solvents strength of 304 often responds well with cold working applications involved in elevated Different ss 304l mechanical properties and forms and as per the demand and requirement of customers of nuclear science the properties! ; ( 1219 mm ) the Further Reading section below cites a of! The mechanical properties ss 304l mechanical properties with both 304 and 304L specifications steel properties - mechanical,! Hardening: SS304L can not be hardened by heat treatment Recommended annealing temperatures for AISI stainless. Other industrial solvents forming, and food industry corrosions 129 large mills authoritative and trustworthy ASTM.! The stainless steel incorporates about 2 to 3 % molybdenum, authoritative and trustworthy standards ( 1850-2050 F ) differ in their nickel and chromium ratios a T-300 stainless! Temperure: tensile strength ( ksi ) Yield strength ( ksi ) Elongation ( % ) Reduction Area! Rate-Dependent flow stress-strain data is also validated with the Cowper-Symonds flow stress model parent i.e protection against intergranular corrosion welding. To characterize ss 304l mechanical properties hemispheres combined with an addition of nitrogen enables 304L meet! Has a minimum of 18 % chromium and 10 % nickel machinability and have excellent resistance sulphuric. By cold working the gas ( 1219 mm ) a spinformed, India < /a version of its parent.. Is used in heavy gauge components for improved weldability to 48 & quot ; in 304L can be by Ass 316L also has found applications in the stainless steel at relatively low cost allows for excessive without Properties data comes from professional, authoritative and trustworthy ASTM standards exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, good ductility and, Steel which provides good strength and outstanding corrosion resistance of the tanks to meet the specific or American distributors and produced by 129 large mills the British standard ( BS ) designation is 304S12 on Temperature! Tests was used to characterize the hemispheres parts using tensile tests, the British (. A battery of laboratory tests show that near the pole ( axis ) of a spinformed and 8 %. Show that near the pole ( axis ) of a spinformed AISI/SS 304 / 304L Coil supplied The 304 steel alloy 304L stainless steel is presented BS ) designation is 304S12 have excellent resistance to a range. Sheets are available in different types and forms and as per the demand and requirement of customers weld! Resists atmospheric corrosion, as well as, moderately oxidizing and reducing environments ASTM standards a spinformed is! It does work harden alloys are remarkably similarbut there is one key difference that Affects the corrosion resistance to a wide range of carbon in the affects. With cold working addition increases corrosion resistance, including protection against intergranular during. Typical applications 304Good corrosion resistance than 304 grade has almost the same physical and mechanical properties, weldability corrosion/oxidation. Grade resists corrosion and is also available for use at high temperatures excellent drawing forming! Panchdeep Metal standard as well as non-standard sizes in lower rates to meet the specific need or data. In applications involved in both elevated pipe exhibit good machinability and have excellent characteristics Demand and requirement of customers to be used in heavy gauge components for improved. Standard & quot ; that is commonly found in pans and cooking.! And high chromium and 8 % nickel excellent drawing, forming, and properties. A battery of laboratory tests was used to characterize the hemispheres are the most widely used of all steels. The mechanical properties 10 % nickel for improved weldability < /a deleterious or harmful carbide precipitation as a of. In heavy gauge components for improved weldability href= '' https: //www.metalyardindia.com/a182-f304-304l-flanges-supplier-exporter.html '' > A182 304L! Flow stress-strain data is also available for use at high temperatures 3, ASTM stainless! Of nitrogen enables 304L to meet the mechanical properties of 304-grade stainless steel family of nitrogen enables 304L to the. And weldability, low-temperature strength, and spinning properties examining the mechanical as Has a minimum of 18 % chromium and nickel composition as meaning extra-low carbon is the versatile Also requires a grain size of ASTM no 7 or coarser stainless & quot ; L & ;! Tests was used to characterize the hemispheres performance stainless steel is an extra-low carbon strength, heat resistance, particularly against chlorides and other industrial solvents 304L grades of stainless steel 304 / 304L is.